Categories
Hardware Linux

Ubuntu 20.04 on Thinkpad T14 gen 2 (Intel)

AnnouncedLate 2021
CPU, GPU, RAMIntel i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz 4 cores (8 threads), Iris Xe graphics, 16GiB soldered DDR4 3200 MHz (and one free slot for upgrades)
Screen14″ FHD (1920×1080) IPS 300nits Anti-glare
StorageSK Hynix NVMe 512GB
Lenovo part number 20W000R1MX (Lenovo Product Specification Reference)

TL; DR

This is a laptop with a slightly boring, but professional and discrete design, which I like. It’s a sturdy workhorse and has a quality feel to it – typical business segment. Overall Ubuntu Linux works great and this is probably as good as it gets regarding out of the box Linux compatibility, unless going for specialized commercial Linux offerings like a System76.

There are some issues with TrackPoint smoothness relating to kernel input drivers, and you may experience issues with the keyboard.

Read on for details.

What works fine

Installation alongside side Windows 10 Pro

For dual boot installation, I freed up around 300 GB of storage space for Ubuntu using Windows disk administration. Installation of Ubuntu 20.04 on new partition went without issues. Grub becomes primary boot loader with Windows as menu option.

Graphics and screen

Both Wayland and Xorg sessions work fine and perform well. Brightness controls are functional and screen is surprisingly bright and crisp.

Power management and cooling

The CPU cores are automatically clocked between 1,2GHz and 3,5GHz, depending on load. The fan rarely makes any noise at all on normal light weight usage, and it is subtle even when it needs to run faster.

The battery is a 51Wh SMP, and charge thresholds can be controlled at runtime. I typically set mine to stop charging at 85% when at home, to increase battery lifespan. You can control this by writing percentages to the files:

/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_stop_threshold
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_start_threshold

The laptop has a USB-C port for charging, and when using the accompanying 65W A/C power supply, charging is fast. It will also accept charge from other power supplies, like common mobile quick chargers, but the BIOS may issue a warning on boot if the charger is too weak.

Update 2023-01-14: you can check out the following script for a handy tool that shows Thinkpad battery information on the command line. It also displays the charge stop and start thresholds.

Suspend to RAM

Suspend to RAM and resume works fine. There are some ACPI errors appearing in the kernel log upon resume:

ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PC00.RP09.PEGP.DDNT], AE_NOT_FOUND (20210730/psargs-330)
[...]
ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PC00.LPCB.EC.SEN4._TMP due to previous error (AE_NOT_FOUND) (20210730/psparse-529)

I haven’t look into these, probably buggy firmware code. It does not seem to cause any real problems.

Power usage in suspended state is nothing out of the ordinary. I would have liked to have hibernate option available, but this is apparently disabled due to locked down kernel and secure boot.

Audio

The HDA audio chip identifies as Realtek ALC257. I have not noticed any issues and it works well. The laptop speakers are a bit disappointing and sound rather weak, but I rarely rely on them anyway.

Wireless networking

The wifi chip is detected as Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX201 160MHz, REV=0x354 by the iwlwifi driver. No issues experienced, wireless networking is solid.

Also note that there is no RJ45 ethernet port on this laptop model.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is usually a bit buggy on Linux, and it can be a hit and miss experience, depending on the devices your are trying to connect. For the Thinkpad T14, it uses an Intel Bluetooth chip connected to the USB bus.

I’ve tested connectivity with a pair of Bose QC35 headsets and a Samsung Galaxy mobile phone, both work.

Special keys

Most Fn-special keys work fine: audio controls, mic mute, brightness, flight mode. There are some that generate no key events in Xorg: Fn+F9 through F11. These are labeled with symbols for chat, answer call and hangup call.

Firmware upgrades

The Thinkpad firmware can be automatically updated using the built-in fwupdmgr application. Which is a great improvement from earlier days of having to flash updates from thumb drives or being forced to use Windows.

Fingerprint reader

The fingerprint reader works out of the box. You can enroll your prints in the standard Ubuntu settings app.

Webcam

It works fine, but is only a 720p camera.

Problems 💀

Poor keyboard quality control

I noticed the left trackpad mouse button had erratic click detection – some clicks were missed. I primarily use the TrackPoint and rely on the physical mouse buttons beneath the space bar. Having premium on-site support, I decided to call for assistance, suspecting hardware malfunction. Lenovo sent a service technician a few days later, and the entire keyboard was replaced, at no additional cost. The new keyboard is fine.

Speaking of keyboard, the keys are a bit too hesitant and mushy for my taste. But solid.

TrackPoint cursor movement

TrackPoint cap
TrackPoint cap

The [Elan] TrackPoint cursor movement is slightly rough and jittery (using Xorg), resulting in reduced precision. It is almost like not enough input events are generated per time during movement. Also, the following message is printed in the kernel log:

psmouse serio1: synaptics: Your touchpad (PNP: LEN2072 PNP0f13) says it can support a different bus.
If i2c-hid and hid-rmi are not used, you might want to try setting psmouse.synaptics_intertouch to 1 and report this to linux-input@vger.kernel.org.

I have experimented with the suggested psmouse module setting, and it does indeed result in a smoother cursor. However, it also causes TrackPoint to randomly stop working, which is a deal breaker. I have not found a solution to this problem yet, but trust it will improve with future kernels.

Swapped Ctrl and Fn-keys

Thinkpads come with physically swapped left control and Fn-key compared to most keyboards. So you have this layout on the left bottom row:

[Fn] [Ctrl] [Win] [Alt] [ Space ] …

Being an Emacs user, this can be uncomfortable, since the distance between the control key and frequently used letter combinations is too short. Not to mention having to mentally re-calibrate your typing when switching between the Thinkpad and other keyboards. Fortunately the BIOS allows you to software swap the function of these keys, so the Fn-key becomes the left control. But the Fn-key is physically smaller and provides a poorer “left control experience”.


Show Thinkpad battery info on the command line

You can use the following shell script to check your battery vitals from the command line. Copy-paste the code into a file tpbinfo, save it somewhere in your PATH and make it executable with:
chmod +x tpbinfo

#!/bin/sh

set -e

cd /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0

exec awk '
  NR == 1 { cstop=$1 }
  NR == 2 { cstart=$1 }
  NR == 3 { status=$0 }
  NR == 4 { enow=$1 }
  NR == 5 { efull=$1 }
  NR == 6 { efull_design=$1 }

  END {
    charge_percent = (enow / efull) * 100
    capacity_percent = (efull / efull_design) > 1 ? 100 : (efull / efull_design)*100
    print "# Thinkpad battery info"
    printf("%-23s %.1f%%\n", "Charge:", charge_percent)
    printf("%-23s %s\n", "Status:", status)
    printf("%-23s %d%%\n", "Charge start threshold:", cstart)
    printf("%-23s %d%%\n", "Charge stop threshold:", cstop)
    printf("%-23s %d%%\n", "Capacity:", capacity_percent)
  }
' charge_stop_threshold charge_start_threshold status energy_now energy_full energy_full_design

Running tpbinfo produces something like the following output:

# Thinkpad battery info
Charge:                 79,2%
Status:                 Discharging
Charge start threshold: 70%
Charge stop threshold:  85%
Capacity:               99%
Categories
Hardware Other

EU puts pressure on smartphone manufacturers

In August of 2020, I wrote a post about how smartphone manufacturers fail to provide a long enough period of security updates to the devices they sell. Leaving the market to itself has obviously lead to planned obsolescence being the norm for Android-based devices, where it is necessary to buy a new phone every 2–3 years to stay secure. But things might change for the better. The European Commission is planning to extend [1] its Ecodesign and Energy labelling directive to also apply to smartphone (and similar) products, and with it comes requirements to reparability and minimum security update support period. Currently proposed is a 5 year period for such products, which is great news. Going further, Germany is lobbying [2] to get a 7 year support period for updates and spare parts. It will be interesting to see the outcome of this.

On a personal note, I ended up buying a new Samsung S21 phone, after Sony stopped updates for my two year old Xperia compact. The Samsung phone is too big, but I could not find a better alternative. And I will likely get at least 4 years of updates. I have no need to replace my smartphone every 2 years and contribute to such ridiculous resource waste.

References

  1. Heise online article (translated to English):
    https://www-heise-de.translate.goog/news/EU-plant-Energielabel-und-strenge-Umweltregeln-fuer-Smartphones-und-Tablets-6171979.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en
  2. Heise online article (translated to English):
    https://www-heise-de.translate.goog/news/Bundesregierung-Smartphones-sollen-sieben-Jahre-lang-Updates-erhalten-6179995.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en
Categories
Hardware Linux

Capture images from a webcam using ffmpeg

The examples are for Linux and access the web camera through the Video4Linux2 interface. To control web camera settings, use the tool v4l2-ctl. To list connected camera devices, you can use the command: v4l2-ctl --list-devices. On a typical Debian-ish Linux distro, you will also want to add your user to the video and audio groups, so that you can easily access the webcam from a non-desktop session.

Capture to an image file, continually overwriting it with new contents

ffmpeg -y -f v4l2 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 \
       -r 0.2 -qscale:v 2 -update 1 /tmp/webcam.jpg
-f v4l2specify input format explicitly as capture from a Video4Linux2 device
-video_size 1280x720specify video frame size from webcam
-i /dev/video0select input device (a UVC-compatible webcam in my case)
-r 0.2set output frame rate to one per 5 seconds
-qscale:v 2set video quality [JPEG quality in this case], 2 is highest quality.
-update 1Image2 muxer option, enable in place update of image file for each video output frame
Options breakdown

Point the output file to a place served by your web server to make your camera image available on the web. The ffmpeg command will run until interrupted or killed.

Add a timestamp to captured images

ffmpeg -y -f v4l2 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 \
       -r 0.2 \
       -vf "drawtext=text=%{localtime}:fontcolor=white@1.0:fontsize=26:borderw=1:x=980:y=25" \
       -qscale:v 2 -update 1 /tmp/webcam.jpg

Here we have inserted the drawtext video filter into the processing pipeline. We use its text expansion facilities to simply render the local time onto each video frame with filter-argument text=%{localtime}. It is placed in the top right corner of the image using the x and y arguments.

Running as background job

You can ssh to the host which has the web camera connected, and start the ffmpeg capture process as a background job:

ffmpeg -y -loglevel fatal \
       -f v4l2 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 \
       -r 0.2 \
       -vf "drawtext=text=%{localtime}:fontcolor=white@1.0:fontsize=26:borderw=1:x=980:y=25" \
       -qscale:v 2 -update 1 /tmp/webcam.jpg \
       </dev/null &>/tmp/webcam-ffmpeg.log & disown $!

This silences ffmpeg to log only fatal errors, runs it in the background and finally detaches the process from your [bash] shell’s job control, to avoid it being killed if you log out. A more polished solution would be to create a systemd service which controls the ffmpeg webcam capture process, running as a dedicated low privilege system user.

Creating a time lapse video from a bunch of image files

As a sort of bonus chapter on this post, here is how to create a time lapse video from a bunch of captured image files. Assuming you have a directory with JPEG images named in such a way that they sort chronologically by their filenames (padded sequence numbers or timestamps), here’s how you can transform them into a video.

VP9 video in WebM container:

ffmpeg -y -f image2 -pattern_type glob -framerate 30 \
       -i webcam-images/\*.jpg \
       -pix_fmt yuv420p -b 1500k timelapsevid.webm

H264 video in MP4 container:

ffmpeg -y -f image2 -pattern_type glob -framerate 30 \
       -i webcam-images/\*.jpg \
       -pix_fmt yuv420p -b 1500k timelapsevid.mp4
-f image2Input demuxer is Image2, which can read image files.
-pattern_type globInstructs Image2 demuxer to treat input pattern as file name glob.
-framerate 30Set desired framerate; how many images to display per second in the resulting video.
-i webcam-images/\*.jpgSet input to a glob pattern matching the images files you would like to include in the video. Note that we do not want the shell to expand the glob, but rather pass the asterisk verbatim to ffmpeg.
-pix_fmt yuv420pSet video codec pixel format. YUV420p is selected to ensure compatibility with a broad range of decoders/players.
-b 1500kSet desired bitrate of video file.
Options breakdown

Note that all input images should have the same dimensions. Otherwise, you will likely have to add more options to ffmpeg to transform everything to a single suitable video size.

The resulting video files will be suitable for publishing on the web using the <video> tag.